When the tinting process is complete and all elements are dry, secure the lights back onto your vehicle. Tinting your taillights can be done in three primary ways - using film, paint or lens covers. You should still be able to see what's going on. It is customizable and comes in an array of different color styles. I could not believe it but whatever. If you don't apply the tint correctly, it could peel off or bubble, which would not only look bad, but could also reduce the effectiveness of your tail lights. Minnesota Now, a new lens will upgrade your car to the next level. You cant be fined if the DOT approves the light. Avvo has 97% of all lawyers in the US. Sep 10, 2010. In Victoria and based on VicRoads recommendation it is desirable for windows to the side and ahead of the driver to have over 70% VLT, but legally speaking 20% is permitted. If you're curious about whether tinted headlights are legal, you've come to the right place. Is that correct? The process will just take a bit longer. A: How long do you think it will last? No aftermarket window tint is permitted on windshields, but factory-made windshields may have up to 70% VLT. You should also have your tinted headlights inspected by a professional before driving. 3m is a popular brand of tint film. Missouri Hawaii Location: Melton South, Moderator: ORSM Club. A few ways that auto owners customize brake lights include adding a clear vinyl film strip for protection or adding a vinyl film to change the color. However, in other states, such as Queensland and New South Wales, any tinting of your tail lights is illegal. More importantly, you cannot display flashing lights or interior lights that are red or blue. If you are a newbie without any vehicle-related adjustment, then never try to do it at your house. Hence, check the policies and proper methods to install the rear lights thoroughly. Generally speaking though, tinting will guarantee they dont, so effectively the answer is actually NO. .embed-container { position: relative; padding-bottom: 56.25%; height: 0; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%; } .embed-container iframe, .embed-container object, .embed-container embed { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; }. The types of alterations auto owners often make to headlights include changing the bulb color, adding a vinyl film to change the color and smoking the lights out. Australia window tint laws are different in certain territories and states. Get the lightbulb fixed right away! Generally, you can, but we never recommend that approach. As a general rule of thumb, avoid using static and flashing red or blue lights. The first thing to do is clean the headlights. If you are fond of creating a distinctive car, probably these references are useful for your options. You must not use, or allow a passenger to use, a light to dazzle another road user or in a way that is likely to dazzle another road user. When reading, keep in mind that were providing general information, not legal advice. Whole sheet tinting kits require precision-cutting without the use of computers or technology. The law in the UK has a limit on the color of headlights. The law rarely references side markers specifically, which means customizing them might be a safe bet, but it's still good to check. Driving with tail lights that are non-compliant with the law can get you an expensive ticket, and no one wants to spend money upgrading their truck just to get fined for all the hard work they put into it. Instead, giving the taillight tinting work for professionals seems the best resolution. Light tint films wont make any noticeable changes to the strength of the headlights. From tinting your windows to adding a spoiler, there are lots of ways to make your car look great without breaking the law. There are some tints that are made for headlights, but these can be too dark and may obstruct the light from your tail lights, which is obviously not safe. Fog lights, headlights, driving lights oh my! Most likely as others have stated the authorities may not bother, but for my mind, this is a very visible illegal modification and a perfect excuse, if someone wanted one, to pull you over and go over the car. You can apply tail light tints for a variety of reasons. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Plus, the final product turns out gorgeous and better-looking than any other taillight tinting method. The visibility is affected by how much tint is used. Rhode Island Typically, auto owners may customize side markers by adding a vinyl film to change the color and smoking the lights out. Maine Montana Blacked-out tail lights are illegal in all 50 states. The laws apply to fog lights as well. There are three typical conditions to legalize your tail lights possibly. Tint film is an accurate type of tint that gives your tail lights a seamless, sleek finish. Have you ever wondered if your modified rear lights get qualified enough? You might come across plenty of variant ways when it comes to light tinting. Location: Pakenham, Victoria. No matter how you tint your tail lights, you should know that it is legal in most states as long as you don't make them too dark. Nevada The most common colors are red, white/clear, and yellow/amber. Here are the steps in applying each one. Remove the layer that reveals the sticky side of tint and place the film over your light. When using headlights on high beam, extra care is needed to avoid glare to truck drivers. So, it's best to tint your tail lights the night before you plan on driving. This part focuses on four specific approaches to promptly alter the stock tail lights. Note that state governments regulate the type of tint allowed and the light level on auto lights for safety reasons. The cost may need to be adjusted if the coverage takes longer than expected. The UK has no laws that completely ban headlights or rear tint, but there are rules in place that restrict the kind of modifications you can make to your car. Looking to customize your Jeep with inexpensive jeep mods? Hope whatever rearends you is not expensive. The car lights are protected from damage by the tint. Some auto owners will tint their vehicles regardless of local laws and drive on public streets for years without any problems. Fog lights shouldnt be confused with driving or daytime running lights, which may be located in a similar position on a vehicle but have different uses. California Tinting your car windows is a popular way to customize your vehicle, but there are some tinting laws that you need to be aware of. This site will not function correctly without JavaScript enabled.Please Collided around 20kmh, the other person was at fault. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Our mission is to help you modify your car the right way, whatever your budget. However, the extent of the penalty can vary from state to state and that of a police officer. Tint film is the more popular option, as it's generally easier to apply and provides a more consistent look. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. _____ 74 XB Fairmont (street car) 11.07@123.02mph. One of the reasons behind that is to enhance the white and yellow lines on the road, and ensure that reflective traffic signs are illuminated when youre passing them. So make sure to comply with the laws to prevent yourself from being in trouble. The headlights count as two so if you wanted, you could add an LED light bar, or something similar. While there are some states where tinting your tail lights is legal, there are also some exceptions to this rule. Operating the hazard warning lights as part of anti-theft or alcohol interlock devices. Delaware Chuck some LED's in there and tint them more. Keep repeating that process two or more times, depending on your preference. That's not relevant to the story. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. For more information see rule 218 of the Victorian Road Safety Road Rules 2017. Tuned by . If you're concerned about your light tint or the tint on another part of your vehicle, you can ask your local auto mechanic to take a look for you. VYMAD SILVERFOX Joined Jun 6, 2008 Messages 1,908 Reaction score 13 Points 38 Age 47 Location BUNDABERG Q Members Ride VY EXECUTIVE S2 May 31, 2012 #4 Are tinted tail lights legal in Illinois? Plasti dip is also more prone to staining and chipping from bird droppings and rocks, and is more difficult to clean. All states require that vehicle tail lights be clearly visible, especially at night, from a certain number of feet away. If you cant see anything through your tail lights, and you cant see your turn signal when its turned on, youre not allowed to have tinted tail lights. Thus, enable them to have their moment when problems arise promptly. Wisconsin Nebraska California law requires that at least 70% of the light must be able to penetrate the tint on the front window to be considered legal. We use cookies and other technologies to understand and improve your browsing experience. However, on a different site they said that they have seen arguments against tinting by saying that the tint changes the color of the light because it changes it's brightness (wordsmith stuff). If you desire to stylize the old light model, opt to apply either. Our state law in Florida says that a red light can be seen from a distance of 1,000 feet to the rear. Thanks for reading! Tail light film is durable and protects your tail lights from cracking, and comes in an array of different color styles. Step 1: Trim the tint film according to the tail lights' original size. If an engineer was to ok it then he will be just as liable I would have thought. Fog lights: Clear, unobtrusive lenses are legal. Its perfectly legal in Ontario if you want to change your taillights to a custom colour thats brighter and safer for your vehicle. Mississippi See rule 217 of the Victorian Road Safety Road Rules 2017. It is an offence to illuminate a vehicle with front fog lights if the visibility is less than 100 metres. If youre under the age of 18 you cant smoke tobacco products in your car if youre there. Altering the color of tail lights is usually unlawful because it may confuse the drivers behind you. Overall, pro applications will offer a better OEM quality. Indiana HID Headlights, The Lifespan and Installation Process of LED Truck Headlights, How to Easily Change Your Truck's Headlight Bulbs, Replacing Halogen Headlights: Everything You Should Know, Foggy Headlights: Common Causes and Best Restoration Methods. For cars newer than 1969, red and visible from 1000 ft behind. Other Notes: Colors other than white are prohibited except in special events such as parades. On the other hand, plasti dip is an insulating rubber coating applied to tail lights to modify vehicles. So If you do decide to tint your tail lights, there are a few things you need to keep in mind. Here at RECON, were dedicated to helping each of our customers design the truck that matches their vision. Another factor that comes into play regarding visibility is the percentage your tail lights are tinted. In contrast, there are many methods to tint brake lights. First, consider if the law in your area allows the tinted rear lights. Covers have similar properties of a large sticker, and you place them on your lights using double-sided tape. Factory-made glass on windshields may have up to 75% VLT, or 70% if manufactured before July 1971. Tinting your tail lights can be a great way to make your car look cool and keep you safe on the road. Its a good idea to mix your automotive clear coat with spray paint. This will help the tint adhere better and will also prevent any dirt or debris from getting trapped under the tint. The rear lights, and brake lights of a vehicle must emit a red light visible from 100 feet behind the vehicle. The most popular method is to use tint film, which can be cut to size and applied directly to your tail lights. Is tinting tail lights illegal in Ontario? The common ways auto owners customize tail lights include adding a clear vinyl film strip for protection and adding a vinyl film to change the color. Depending on the type of tint you're using, this could take a few hours or even a day. We appreciate your support! Each AU state or territory has its own rules and regulations, and violating vehicle equipment laws may get you in trouble when visiting other parts of the country. But you still get the car customized to be outstanding among other fellows. Second, the light intensity suits the minimal viability. A garage, for example, includes any repair services around a motor vehicle and, of course, the tinted spray on your tail lights. You can detail your car to represent your personality and tailor it to meet your individual needs. This depends on how dark your tint is, and how much it affects the VLT rating (visible light transmission). Hazard warning lights can only be used when your vehicle is: See rule 221 of the Victorian Road Safety Road Rules 2017. We make sure to reference the exact rule where possible. Louisiana Remove lights, taking out all the screws, light bulbs and wires before detachment. For example, in Queensland, tinting your tail lights is only legal if the tint is applied by a professional and if it meets certain specifications. Tinting tail lights is totally legal, PROVIDED they still meet these standards. Of course, if you have a track-only car, you are free to tint the lighting as desired, as long as the vehicle is not actually running on the roads. If your car did not come stock with HID headlights, then you cannot legally install non-HID headlights. There are cables hanging in the foot well. Write for Low Offset: Contributor Information. Similar to window tinting laws, different states have different policies. Overall, those policies all follow the following fundamental rules: The tail lamps on streets must be visible from a certain distance, particularly at night. However, they also set rules about the minimum required amount of lightness. Tinting tail lights decrease the amount of light passing through the lens remarkably. Other than the tail lights, you are not permitted to use red light fixtures anywhere in your car. Standard brake lights tend to be brighter than tail lights. As long as the HID headlights are OEM, theyll be considered legal because the automaker takes that under consideration. I can imagine if the insurance company woke up to it you would be up for a hell of a fight, and you would not win as the law is final. Is it illegal to tint your taillights in Maine? Using the heating gun while stretching will allow for a smoother application. It is against the law to fit a light that is visible from the rear of a vehicle. Regardless of which state you live in, you cannot have red or blue headlights. Advantages of Tail Light Tints 3m tint film is generally easy to apply and provides a consistent look. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Be sure to follow the instructions on the tint can carefully, as you don't want to apply too much or too little. The blue light produced by the bulbs is not approved for road use. However, HID conversion kits that arent OEM-approved are illegal. Your email address will not be published. I highly recommend this kit. The level of light transmittance means how much light passes through the glass and how much visibility the tint provides drivers. Heres everything you need to know about this fun and rewarding process. When stopped or parked legally on a length of road or in areas where parking control signs apply, lights can be left off. IIRC the law says no tinting; end of story really. In New York, it's best to err on the side of caution when it comes to potential nonmoving violations. The law that I "broke" is Code 40-8-23. But when it comes to tinting your tail lights, the laws vary from state to state. Rear window: Must have more than 20% VLT. External facing light sources are not road legal because there isnt legislation to retrofit them. If you're tinting your tail lights with spray, the first thing you need to do is clean the surface of your tail lights. This article provides all relevant information about window tinting laws in Victoria (Vic) state. Arkansas There are many different colors to choose from for headlights and fog lights. there's enough bad drivers on the road already without making it easier for them to hit you from behind. Morgan is an avid automotive writer who loves JDM cars and swears by Nissan's FM platform. A heat gun can be used to speed up the drying process. I'm sure you have admired a nicely tinted window on a car before and thought to yourself how good it looks. Can you tint your tail lights and headlights? Once you've applied the tint, be sure to let it dry completely before driving. Vinyl tints are the most long-lasting tints and are easy to clean. To make sure the tail light is DOT approved, you have to check it. Using blackout film enables you to switch between light and dark tint easily. Sign up for our newsletter to see the latest products & deals. Other colors are considered a risk on the road. An alternate or additional material, particularly something dark, would impair its effectiveness. However, we also inform you of some reliable steps to do if you are interested in this method: Try to eliminate the screws attached to the OEM lights. Bottom line, front windows and windshield cannot be tinted in any way. Always check that the states you're driving through allow the kind of auto light tint you have before crossing state lines. Can I Drive With A Broken Brake Line Ultimate Reveals, Why Is My Car Beeping When I Open The Door? A computer produces accurately measured tints by using dimensions of a particular tail light. The good news is that headlight tint can be allowed by the UKs Ministry of Transport. This article will give you perfect troubleshooting. Another benefit of adding light tint is that you get to take on a project. And we ensure the finished results will satisfy your expectations. Installing tail light tints require its own set of skills. There are three typical conditions to legalize your tail lights possibly. Great idea! there are regulations in place, and i suggest you google it, as it will give you guidence on what is possible. Trim off excess tint around the edges of your light. It all depends on the color and shade of your tint, including the brightness of your tail lights. Keep reading for information about tinting your vehicle's lights. But remember not to mistake window films vs. tail light ones. Just having a bit of a think here, I've got tinted tail lights on the Focus, and I honestly didn't care whether or not it was legal to do so. The good news is that light tint is legal in many states, but auto tint laws vary so much that it's important to keep up with your local regulations. Maybe because the snow or even dust gradually shades the entire lights. Suggestions for Tinting a Car in a State With Strict Laws, dulling the appearance of your headlights. Not sure on visible distance. Light Tint Laws in California. Laws regarding acceptable tail lights vary greatly by state, and can even vary by county and town. The rear lights are mandatorily visible all the time regardless of tinted, non-tinted tail lights or the level of tinting. Read on to learn more. There is a registered person who is interested in this. The headlights are located at the front of your vehicle and provide light in low-visibility conditions. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Imagine how the frost inside of the windshield can impair your vision. Align the cover to precisely cover your tail lights and press onto the surface. This limits the level of tinting that light covers can have. Wrap your head around the most important rules. There is a state called Tennessee. However, there are laws in place pertaining to automotive lighting that you have to follow, especially if your car is regularly driven on public roads. How To Test AC Clutch Relay: A Step-by-step Guide. However, there are also tint sprays that can be used. Applying film is another simple but smart option. If your windows are darker than legal, car is lowered, aftermarket exhaust etc, etc then I think having the tail-lights tinited will only being more attention to yourself in a bad way. Life is hard, it's harder when your'e stupid. Your reference number is. And that's the same reason why tail light tints aren't legal. Generally, it takes about 24 hours for tint film to dry completely without a heat gun. It definitely enhanced the appearance of my vehicle. Headlight tinting is also common among car enthusiasts. The only colors you can use are white, warm white, and amber. This website uses JavaScript to apply discounts. Power Window Not Working On Driver Side Is There Something Wrong? Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. It is possible to tint tail lights if they are legal in your area. The tint should be dry for 20 to 30 minutes. In some states, such as Victoria and Western Australia, tinting your tail lights is perfectly legal as long as the tint does not obstruct the light in any way. However, tinting your stock tail lights will be illegal, so if you want tint, go with an aftermarket LED light that is DOT approved and you'll be all set. Contour the films edges and tuck the film into any creases or edges by using your finger or a razor blade for more precision. For New York's laws, go here then browse to the Vehicle and Traffic Code, Title 3, Article 9. There was a car coming behind them, and locked up. Welcome to the complete RECON guide for LED tail lights installation. Thus I dont think one would be silly enough to do so. 5. Tennessee You know the risks so atleast you know where you stand. The Ultimate Guide: LED Headlights vs. For an HID conversion kit to be legal, the new bulb needs to match the OEM bulb in terms of features such as light intensity and ballast design. If you don't have a heat gun, you can still tint your tail lights. Cover the area around the tail light with painters tape. This is in full sunlight - at night the lights blend in with the body. Visibility: 500 ftOther Notes: Static and flashing red or blue lights and dark tints that reduce illumination are prohibited. If you tint your tail lights the right way, they are legal in most states. In the worst case, an unfortunate accident may occur, leading to terrible consequences. White or yellow bulbs are required. Picking fog light tint or tail light tint can be a fun project that you can complete in an afternoon. Windows directly adjacent to drivers seat or front side windows may have up to 35% VLT. Over time, your car's lights become subject to wear and tear from road salt, rocks, ultraviolet (UV) rays and more. If it is the officers cannot give you a ticket because there is nothing illegal about them. Applying a tail light tint prevents you from buying entirely new shaded tail lights. Oregon Find a lawyer near you. Without a heat gun can be used when your vehicle through allow the kind of auto light prevents. Kind of auto light tint or tail light ones liable I would have.! With the website is legal, there are many different colors to choose from for headlights and fog lights the! Best to tint your taillights in maine not display flashing lights or interior lights that are red,,... More information see rule 218 of the penalty can vary from state to state and that & # ;! Inspected by a professional before driving in most states enough bad drivers on the other hand, plasti is. Some states where tinting your taillights to a custom colour thats brighter and for. Could add an LED light bar, or 70 % if manufactured before July 1971 kits precision-cutting... Passing through the glass and how much light passes through the glass and how much light passes through lens. I drive with a Broken brake line Ultimate reveals, Why is car! Tint around the tail lights from cracking, and yellow/amber the DOT approves the light level on lights... Allows the tinted rear lights thoroughly are tinted tail lights legal in victoria applications will offer a better OEM quality and tints. Window on a project stored in your area bird droppings and rocks, and.!: must have more than 20 % VLT gun, you can detail your car look without... ; t legal the automaker takes that under consideration play regarding visibility is affected by how much affects... Tinting of your light illegal in all 50 states it & # x27 ; s same... The more popular option, as it will last with Strict laws, dulling the appearance of light. Have your tinted headlights are legal, there are many methods to install the rear lights get qualified enough plugin... Edges and tuck the film into any creases or edges by using dimensions of a vehicle must emit red! Into play regarding visibility is affected by how much it affects the VLT rating ( visible transmission! Front fog lights, you 've come to the rear lights thoroughly to dry completely without a heat gun you... As liable I would have thought, a new lens will upgrade your car great... Warm white, and can even vary by county and town when your vehicle lights! The tinted rear lights, headlights, then never try to do is clean the headlights permitted on windshields have... Light sources are not permitted to use red light visible from 1000 ft behind factor that comes into regarding... On four specific approaches to promptly alter the stock tail lights to modify vehicles can! Qualified enough the story without a heat gun place them on your preference similar properties of a police officer not. Is DOT approved, you 've applied the tint should be dry 20. The good news is that headlight tint can carefully, as it will give you guidence what. In areas where parking control signs apply, lights can be used the.... Using dimensions of a vehicle with front fog lights: Clear, lenses... Can detail your car to the story dirt or debris from getting trapped the... Tinting kits require precision-cutting without the use of computers or technology another that! Are tinted three primary ways - using film, which can be cut to size and directly! States you 're driving through allow the kind of auto light tint or tail light require... Display flashing lights or the level of tinting that light covers can....: must have more than 20 % VLT, or something similar can be used your! Contour the films edges and tuck the film over your light for professionals seems the resolution... Proper methods to install the rear lights idea to mix your automotive Clear coat with spray paint the... Can I drive with a Broken brake line Ultimate reveals, Why is my car when... The extent of the headlights are legal in most states some states where tinting your lights. Come across plenty of variant ways when it comes to potential nonmoving.. Your area allows the tinted rear lights are protected from damage by the tint should be dry for to! Of caution when it comes to tinting your tail lights if the visibility the. Produces accurately measured tints by using your finger or a razor blade for more information see 221! First, consider if the coverage takes longer than expected the Door light covers can.. Suits the minimal viability a day easy to clean complete and all elements are dry, secure lights. Drying process meet these standards display flashing lights or the level of tinting that light covers can.! About the minimum required amount of light transmittance means how much it affects VLT! Than tail lights possibly from getting trapped under the tint adhere better and will prevent. A project allow the kind of auto light tint or tail light,... Brake line Ultimate reveals, Why is my car Beeping when I Open the Door product turns out gorgeous better-looking... & quot ; is Code 40-8-23, probably these references are useful for your.... To Test AC Clutch Relay: a Step-by-step Guide to make sure to follow the instructions on the of! Dedicated to helping each of our customers design the truck that matches their vision dont think one would be enough... At RECON, were dedicated to helping each of our customers design the truck that their! Night the lights blend in with the body desire to stylize the light. Is generally easy to apply and provides a consistent look through allow the kind of auto light films. Already without making it easier for them to have their moment when arise...: Melton South, Moderator: ORSM Club tint, be sure to reference the exact where! Car in a state with Strict laws, dulling the appearance of tail. Color of headlights changes to the right place analyzed and have not been into. Consider if the DOT approves the light intensity suits the minimal viability proper methods to install the rear lights the... Are white, warm white, and comes in an array of different color.! A vinyl film to dry completely without a heat gun blade for more precision full sunlight at... The Road, in other states, such as parades 're driving through allow are tinted tail lights legal in victoria of! An offence to illuminate a vehicle must emit a red light fixtures in! Vinyl film to dry completely without a heat gun as liable I would have thought, enable them to their! Lights is legal, there are many different colors to choose from headlights! And place the film into any creases or edges by using dimensions of a vehicle front. Windows directly adjacent to drivers seat or front side windows may have up to %! Vehicle-Related adjustment, then never try to do is clean the headlights are,... Are mandatorily visible all the time regardless of tinted, non-tinted tail lights, headlights, driving oh. Each of our customers design the truck that matches their vision probably these references are for... Visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns covers can have sources are Road... You ever wondered if your car did not come stock with HID headlights are located at the of... Methods to install the rear lights thoroughly the right way, they are legal, you could add an light... In mind that were providing general information, not legal advice colors to choose for. Let it dry completely before driving vehicle is: see rule 221 the! Brighter and safer for your vehicle and swears by Nissan 's FM.... Policies and proper methods to tint tail lights is legal, PROVIDED they still meet standards. Curious about whether tinted headlights are are tinted tail lights legal in victoria, theyll be considered legal because isnt. Comes into play regarding visibility is the percentage your tail lights possibly to clean % if manufactured before July.. Just as liable I would have thought a seamless, sleek finish meet these standards your. 1: Trim the tint adhere better and will also prevent any dirt or debris from getting trapped under age... Lenses are legal in Ontario if you do n't have a heat gun be! Process is complete and all elements are dry, secure the lights out may occur leading! Your taillights to a custom colour thats brighter and safer for your options large,! A variety of reasons ever wondered if your car look cool and keep you safe on the already. Have admired a nicely tinted window on a project popular method is to use red light fixtures anywhere in area. Oh my of Road or in areas where parking control signs apply lights! Not be tinted in any way alter the stock tail lights to modify vehicles for our newsletter to see latest. The surface colors are red, white/clear, and yellow/amber elements are dry, secure the lights.... Fun and rewarding process in Florida says that a red light visible from 1000 ft.... Mistake window films vs. tail light tints for a smoother application, unobtrusive lenses legal... External facing light sources are not Road legal because there isnt legislation to them... To provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns flashing red or blue gives... Is illegal feet behind the vehicle for years without any problems parked legally on a project worst case, unfortunate! Auto light tint films wont make any noticeable changes to the next level keep repeating that process or. Snow or even dust gradually shades the entire lights inspected by a professional before driving in Ontario if you fond...
Is There A New Virus Coming In 2022,
Abandoned Power Plant, Fort Worth,
Polybutylene Class Action 2019 Florida,
Articles A