Three days later Macquarie inaugurated the town of Bathurst, then continued to tour the surrounding country. Put simply, Aboriginal Places are a way of recognising and legally protecting Aboriginal cultural heritage. AEST = Australian Eastern Standard Time which is 10 hours ahead of GMT (Greenwich Mean Time), abc.net.au/news/great-western-highway-upgrades-anger-aboriginal-groups/100830566, Get breaking news alerts directly to your phone with our app, Help keep family & friends informed by sharing this article. [39] but is now composed of eight councillors elected proportionally. Gundagai lore is associated with Gundagai, Australia, a place of considerable reputed Aboriginal cultural significance, with both archaeological sites and anthropological associations related to sacred and spiritual beliefs of the local clan group and wider cultural associations. This website explores the history of Aboriginal trackers in NSW from 1862 when the current NSW Police Force was established through to 1973 when the last tracker, Norman Walford, retired. A fire hearth, believed to be up to 5,000 years old, would also be destroyed by the road. Sydney, Wednesday", "12 Nov 1929 Bitten by Snake. Some believe the name 'Gundagai' derives from the word 'Gundagair', an 1838 pastoral run in the name of William Hutchinson[27] to the immediate north of current day Gundagai. [53], The efforts of Yarri, Jacky Jacky, and two other Indigenous men Jackie Douglas and Tommy Davis in saving many Gundagai people from the 1852 floodwaters were heroic. These attacks included men being speared, weapons stolen, buildings burned and stock killed. Indyamarra Reconciliation Site sunset. The journey took nine days by coach from Parramatta and on arrival Macquarie's welcoming ceremony was observed by seven Wiradjuri. Provides opportunities for the community to engage in conservation, site protection and management, including through the intergenerational transfer of culture and economic opportunities where appropriate. [59], Mrs Moroney at Jones Creek, Gundagai, was often visited by a ghost in 1873. | GU", "9 Nov 1929 Rides 371 Miles in 24 Hours Opperman Has Fight W", http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/nswcultureheritage/AboriginalWomensHeritageBrungleTumut.htm, https://web.archive.org/web/20110327123813/http://www.cootamundra.local-e.nsw.gov.au/files/59930/File/BrochurePicturepackage.pdf, "12 Jul 1887 Country News. [citation needed] By early 1824, war had broken out in which the Wiradjuri adopted a guerrilla-style approach. From here they saw a vast expanse of forest and grass in which Blaxland wrote was rich enough "to support the stock of the colony for the next thirty years". During the digs the team unearthed about 3,000 artefacts, some of which have been sent to the University of Wollongong for analysis. Key facts about the award The [26], Noel Beddoe's novel The Yalda Crossing[27] also explores Wiradjuri history from an early settler perspective, bringing to life a little-known massacre that occurred in the 1830s. The image faces to the west and its head is near the Dog on the Tuckerbox area at Gundagai. There was no means of resistance so my father, then a lad of eighteen years, met them fearlessly at the door. Wiradjuri man Adrian Williams was involved in archaeological digs in the Hartley Valley. o Sacred sites are places within the landscape that have a special meaning or significance under Aboriginal tradition. [1][54], To the east of Gundagai, local Aboriginal cultural tradition traditionally ran downstream into the Murrumbidgee, then on to Gundagai rather than upstream to Tumut. Between them, these men rescued more than 40 people using bark canoes. [52] Also in 1929, Hubert Opperman famous cyclist, had a tiger snake encounter at Gundagai. Keep up to date with everything happening at Wagga Wagga City Council. The strength of these men is amazing. As a result, in 1825, Colonel Stewart formed the NSW Mounted Police. Bolstered by a local settler militia, the detachment began conducting several sweeps across the landscape to restore order and enforce martial law. Heavy Snowfalls in", "26 Feb 1845 News From the Inter[?] Key points: The Australian Museum is processing an application to For the place, see, Suttor wrote: "These natives have some imperfect ideas of property, and the right of possession. They stood there, sullen, silent, motionless. Gundagai Shire Council also had a ward system of Municipal Governance until recent times. A team of archaeologists and registered Aboriginal parties conducted preliminary digs last year. [21] A few weeks later two boys were struck by lightning as they hid under a bullock hide strung over a wire fence. By the end of the 1800s the Wiradjuri had virtually disappeared from the greater Mudgee district. Wiradjuri resistance to European settlement in Australia, Assistant Surveyor George Evans, Journal, 21/12/1813, W.H. One of the chiefs (named Saturday) of a desperate tribe, took six men to secure him and they had actually to break a musket over his body before he yielded, which he did at length with broken ribs Saturday for his exploits was sentenced to a month's imprisonment. WebBook online or email or call Milan Dhiiyaan on 0400 409 102. This primary landscape figure marked out by the course of the Murrumbidgee River at Gundagai, is replicated in some Sydney Rock Engravings and recorded in local Aboriginal cultural heritage. The development application for the go-kart track was approved by the Bathurst Regional Council in January last year, but Wiradyuri Traditional Owners have urged it to reconsider the proposed location for the development. This area was well watered with a bountiful supply of native animals and plants which were used as the Wiradjuris food source. [8], Co-founder of the Gundagai Museum, Oscar Bell, British Empire Medal recipient for services to the community including preserving and recording Gundagai history,[61] and President of the Gundagai and District Historical Society, told of the ghost of a little old woman that alarmed a newly arrived in Australia, Irish pastoral worker named Dennis Kilker. As the Wiradjuri returned to the war camp, the station hands fired on them killing at least sixteen and wounding many more.[17]. Jessica's best friend (Mary Simpson) was from Wiradjuri. Oak groves and muses featured in some succeeding cultural depictions of Gundagai no doubt assigned by early settlers who had received the benefits of an education in the classics, such as Charles Tompson, claimed to be Australia's first published native-born poet and whose father had possession of a large tract of land at Gundagai in the 1830s; and James Macarthur son of John Macarthur, Australian wool pioneer, who met up with Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in Europe[35] and who with his brother William Macarthur had possession of Nangus Station at Nangus, Gundagai. It is the land of the Three Rivers, the Macquarie (Wambool), the Lachlan (Kalare) and the Murrumbidgee (Murrumbidjeri). "If there's a road put through here, are we going to have to sit in the middle of a median strip to teach the kids that?" [9], In early 1824, on the river flats opposite of the town of Bathurst, a farmer in a friendly gesture offered a group of passing Wiradjuri people some potatoes. [14], The Wiradjuri continued to launch attacks on the settlers, engaging in numerous skirmishes which were consistently followed by settler reprisals, typically on Aboriginal warriors attempting to bury their casualties. ); Booandik (Vic. His replacement was Governor Thomas Brisbane who had different views through which he began asserting his authority. This meaning presupposes that for there to be a knee there is a leg and a body which there is. She said sacred men's and women's places would also be "lost forever". [37] 'Warramore' is linked to 'Warrawen', which is the large cut in the western side of the Monaro Plateau from near which western travelling geological fault lines begin, and 'Warragong', which is the section of the beginning of the Australian Alps in the Gundagai region upon which snow sometimes falls. Bell, O., (ndg possibly 1970s), 'Tales of Old Gundagai' No.3, B.E.M. Geological Series Sheet 8527 (Edition 1)1990, Australia 1:100,000, Tumut Mineralogical Map. [28] Andy Kissane's poem, "The Station Owner's Daughter, Narrandera" tells a story about the aftermath of that same massacre,[29] and was the inspiration for Alex Ryan's short film, Ngurrumbang. Governor Darling formalised the grant of 3200 acres in 1826. On the death of a distinguished Wiradjuri, initiated men would strip the bark off a tree to allow them to incise symbols on the side of the trunk which faced the burial mound. For the latest information, searchABC Emergency, For the latestweather warnings in the Northern Territory, search onABC Emergency. In 1820, the population of Bathurst was only 114 due to Macquarie's slow and cautious approach to new settlement. The Rural Ministry Task Force Diocese of Canberra Goulburn, 2009, Anglican News, Beating the Bounds develops unity among worship centres', Vol 26, No 6, August 2009, The Newspaper of the Diocese of Canberra and Goulburn, p.11 Available [online], Tate, W. E.(1946) The Parish Chest. Will-O'-the-Wisp is Will the Smith. Pennick, N., (1996), 'Celtic Sacred Landscapes', Thames and Hudson, Great Britain, p. 134. Major Great Western Highway upgrade could destroy historic Aboriginal places, There is an emergency bushfire warning in place for Maintongoonin Victoria. Map NK 5928. This article is about the Indigenous Australian people. WebThe Wiradjuri people lived within the area that was known as the Wiradjuri Nation. It makes fascinating reading. The Riverinas last sacred trees In a small township called Narrandera situated along the Marrambidya (Murrumbidgee River), sacred Wiradjuri trees still [28] Combining the two meanings results in the place of birds near where there is a large bend in the Murrumbidgee River that was caused by a cut in the back of the knee. The man chopped his finger off and survived. from Gundagai NSW map Stock No. Space to play or pause, M to mute, left and right arrows to seek, up and down arrows for volume. Suttor learnt their language, and befriended Windradyne, nicknamed "Saturday", and attributed conflict to the harshness of his own people's behaviour, since the Wiradjuri were in his view, fond of white people, as they would call them. [44], The Murrumbidgee River at Gundagai has been a place of numerous bunyip sightings. Jin were inherited from a persons mothers mother along with the responsibility for maintaining associated sites. The Rock is also known as Kengal Following Governor Brisbane's decision to open the flood gates to the west of the Blue Mountains, various attacks were soon made against the growing settlement. SBS acknowledges the Traditional Custodians of Country and their connections and continuous care for the skies, lands and waterways throughout Australia. 175194. Willie wagtails or djirri djirris were known to listen into conversations so it was wise to not repeat confidences. The Mudgee district holds many sacred Aboriginal sites and cave painting, some sites with evidence of tool making. Lighthearted yarn on all things NBA and NBL, Join Narelda Jacobs and John Paul Janke to get unique Indigenous perspectives and cutting-edge analysis of the biggest stories of the week. [42] Gundagai's Anglican parish still has 'wardens'. Dance to Weird Music", Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islanders, Australian Aboriginal Progressive Association, National Congress of Australia's First Peoples, Office of the Registrar of Indigenous Corporations, Metropolitan Local Aboriginal Land Council, South West Aboriginal Land and Sea Council, Northern Territory National Emergency Response, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gundagai_lore&oldid=1106121828, Australian Aboriginal legendary creatures, Geographic Names Register of NSW not in Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 23 August 2022, at 08:21. WebCompetition for land forced the Wiradjuri from their homes and put strain on their traditional food resources. Settlement also restricted access to some Wiradjuri sacred sites. [6] In 1859 the 'Aurora Australis' interfered with the operation of the Gundagai electric telegraph. [7] So great can be some rainfall downpours at Gundagai that old mining dams have been known to fill and burst. Specific jin were connected to each section and together they regulated the marriage system [ref]The four Wiradjuri sections, also common to Gamilaraay and Ngiyampaa, were Murri, Kubbi, Ippai and Combo (along with their feminine equivalents of Matha, Kubbitha, Ippatha and Butha). A nearby resident, Mr Carey, then began to receive visits by the same spectre. There are three ways to record Aboriginal With [11][12], The Wiradjuri are the largest Aboriginal group in New South Wales. However, Tindale refers to Wiradjuri in his own work (p.200): "Wiradjuri 'Wiradjuri (Wi'raduri)". They say all wild animals are theirs - the tame or cultivated ones are ours. as some of these names, and mentions R. H. Mathews, A. W. Howitt and John Mathew as promulgators of the "nations" concept. The story of the 'Ghost of Kimo Hill', (in 'Gundagai Ghosts' below), is one example of this. Windradyne himself had a reward of 500 acres of land upon his head. Source: AAP, Juukan Gorge inquiry: Pilbara Traditional Owners concerned about the future of their sacred sites. Gundagai also has a 'Shakespeare Terrace' that runs along the Murrumbidgee floodplain below the town that may or may not refer to the amazing grand theatre corroborees that happened in that area, eagerly shared in the 1830s for the benefit of overlanders and travellers; or in reference to several or all works of Shakespeare. After 21 days of traveling through 50 miles (80km) of rugged terrain, the party reached Mount Blaxland. Spring Wagga Wagga . The ABC understands members of the Bathurst Local Aboriginal Land Council, employed by TfNSW to assist with the digs, are in discussions to re-design the stretch between Little Hartley and Lithgow. They are generally to be found near rivers where the softer earth allowed easier burial. Mrs Moroney spoke to her clergyman and also the Bishop and then vacated her residence. The blue glow of the Min Min light sometimes identified as a fata morgana phenomenon, is also known in the Gundagai area and Aboriginal people were taught to run if they saw it. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Sydn", "5 Apr 1932 Man Struck Dead Gundagai, Monday", Geographical Names Board of New South Wales, "Encyclopedia: K - Kyzikos: Greek mythology, people, places and things of ancient Greece", http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/s/sturt/charles/s93t/, https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/20142204?q=Reuss+and+Browne%27s&c=map&versionId=23744584, http://www.ozhistorymine.com/html/t__horton_james__1838.html, "19 Nov 1927 Tumut in 1832. It was closely related to the Ngiyampaa language to the west and Gamilaraay to the north. The following day the station hands returned to find the war parties' camp deserted as they were burying their dead, however most of the weapons were left in the camp and were subsequently destroyed. The resulting roadworks would reduce travel time from about 40 to 29 minutes. But despite their immense Condobolin southwards to Booligal, Carrathool, Wagga Wagga, Cootamundra, Parkes, Trundle; Gundagai, Boorowa, and Rylstone, Wellington, and Carcoar all lay within Wiradjuri territory. Spirit Dog, Djirri Djirris, Killimicat Craypton and Ghosts, Kabaila, P. (2005), 'High Country Footprints: Aboriginal pathways and movement in the high country of southeastern Australia: Recognising the ancient paths beside modern highways', Pirion Publishing Canberra. He said 34 local knowledge holders are helping the government ensure all discoveries are handled appropriately. Wiradjuri and First Nations Community Cultural Protocols, a way of helping to conserve the unique cultural heritage of NSW for future. [b] In the 1850s there were still corroborees around Mudgee, but there were fewer clashes. "Sites like this we use as libraries to teach the next generation of caretakers," Mr Williams said. Governor Macquarie was presented with one of these cloaks by a Wiradjuri man when he visited Bathurst in 1815.[2]. Bunyips, understood to be where streams flood out of their usual channel in wet seasons flooding surrounding land but also drowning anyone caught on the wrong side of them, are recorded on the Gundagai floodplain; opposite 'Kimo'; and at the junction of the Tumut and Murrumbidgee rivers. In turn, as a direct result of colonialism by England from the 1800s onward, the current culturally diverse Celtic and Anglo-Saxon origin dominant in numbers population evolved at Gundagai at high cost to the original inhabitants. The protective benefits of declaration can be augmented by using other tools such asPlans of Management. The government centre at Swallow Creek was soon abandoned in fear of attack. In response, the Wiradjuri resistance was born. [62] 'Kimo Hill' is a child hill of the 'Kimo Range' that has become distanced from its mother hill, 'Mount Kimo', on the northern end of the Sheahan Bridge at North Gundagai. The area was known as "the land of the three rivers",[13] the Wambuul (Macquarie), the Kalare later known as the Lachlan and the Murrumbidgee, or Murrumbidjeri. Morisset, Commandant at Bathurst, thanking him for effecting 'the purpose of the proclamationby the judicious measures taken by you and the other magistrates at Bathurst, the aboriginal natives have learned to respect our power.' The tribes led by Windradyne lived in the eastern parts of this territory, connected to the other groups by a common language as well as cultural and trade links. Krygier on behalf of the Australian Committee for Cultural Freedom, 1968, Australian Committee for Cultural Freedom, Australian Association for Cultural Freedom, p.381, National Library of Australia, Digital Collections, Maps, Reuss & Browne. Mudgee Historical Society Inc. | Copyright 2023. [20] Two horses were struck by lightning in 1904 and one horse died. [60] The shovel bounced off so next Mr Carey set the dogs on it and the ghost retreated through the doorway. Aged Man Chops Finger Off. A man with no head called 'Craypton' lived up on 'Killimicat' and would ride down the mountain of a night on a horse. [30] The Kimo bunyip is really interesting as it is accompanied by a large slash in the earth's mantle out of which the 'Jindalee Volcanics' extruded. Hills, rocks, waterholes, trees, plains and other natural features may be sacred sites. They extended southwest to the vicinity of Hay and Narrandera. The benefits of management planning for Aboriginal Places include: Keep up to date with everything happening at Council, from projects and major works to news and events. WebBrungle east of Wagga - sacred Wiradjuri place. In late 1823, Windradyne (known as Saturday by the British) was captured for the first time. A cave near Milbrodale contains many Wiradjuri Aboriginal paintings, including a large figure of a man who may be Baiame. It is popularly known as the Baiame Cave and is part of a series of rock shelters on an area of 80 hectares. [41] Cursed is he who transgresseth the bounds or doles of his neighbour. The Wiradjuri travelled into Alpine areas in the summer to feast on Bogong moths. They appear to be very inoffensive and cleanly in their persons."[6]. He said the department was following cultural heritage consultation procedures and that during construction Aboriginal heritage sites would be fenced. Spring Wagga Wagga . Individuals learned the stories, songs and dances of their jin and were not allowed to eat or damage them. The Wiradjuri leader, Windradyne, led attacks on white settlers, during which time approximately 20 settlers and 100 Aboriginal people were killed, and which culminated in the Battle of Bathurst on 18 September 1824, where several hundred Wiradjuri people were killed. My father's cheerful courage and friendly tone disarmed animosity. In 1822, Wiradjuri warriors attacked a station on the Cudgegong River in which they drove away the stockman, let the cattle out of the yard and killed several of the sheep. WebYindyamarra is a word that is often translated as respect, however, it has multiple meanings including, to give honour, go slow, and take responsibility. WebSummary: The Dubbo Wiradjuri Tourism Centre will deliver an Aboriginal cultural experience truly unique to Dubbo, and support the further development of the Dubbo Two Pictures", http://sharepoint.anglicancg.org.au/Publib/Documents/Media/Anglican%20News/Anglican%20News%20August%202009.pdf, https://books.google.com/books?id=vhQ9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA35&lpg=PA35&dq=The+Parish+Chest+Tate&source=bl&ots=dMqianN4bR&sig=dKa_2WujoO0IDX5-VHGuzgGW2A4&hl=en&ei=CyuVToiJOcyOiAe6qMiHBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false, http://acms.sl.nsw.gov.au/_transcript/2010/D04795/a2078.pdf, "20 Sep 1947 Bunyip Hunters at Gundagai", "24 Oct 1868 Opening of the New South Wales Parliament. Wiradyuri community members have expressed their concerns over a plan to construct a new go-kart track on an area of Wahluu (Mount Panorama) that Traditional Owners say is a sacred women's site. These were not based on field research and lacked aboriginal support. The Wiradjuri were organised into bands. However, all of these attempts failed and it was to be over 20 years before a way across was found. Saturday, November", "8 Oct 1904 Boy Struck by Lightning. A distinctive feature of the group was that they began with the term for no (wira) and concluded with the term for having (djuri) [ref]Grant and Rudder 2005; Howitt 1904: 108.[/ref]. Dr Andrew Rawson, a researcher and soil scientist, and his colleague Rosemary Stapleton began finding the artefacts after a bushfire burnt about seventy percent of the mountain in 2018. We acknowledge Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as the First Australians and Traditional Custodians of the lands where we live, learn, and work. Caused by Lightning. In May 1813, Gregory Blaxland, William Lawson and William Charles Wentworth set out with a plan to find a passage through the impenetrable Blue Mountains. Throughout NSW many landholders acknowledge and respect Aboriginal peoples attachment to particular areas. There were over 200 NSW police stations that employed Aboriginal trackers between 1862 and 1973. Wagga Wagga sunset. [17] A terrific thunderstorm at Gundagai in March 1877 set fire to the inside of Armour's house. In a statement, the Minister for Regional Roads and Transport Sam Farrawaysaid upgrades would ensure "the mountains and regional NSW can grow and prosper for years to come". The group has drawn up an alternative route further north, which avoidthe sites. Goethe was one of the key figures of Classicism in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Since the first race, the track has attracted tens of thousands of motor sport spectators each year. Saturday is, without doubt, the most manly native we have ever beheld. 1828, Interview with Goethe, p.181, James Macarthur, in 'Quadrant Volume 12', 1968, H.R. Press; pp. [24] A bushfire that caused a lot of damage was started near Gundagai in February 1906 after lightning hit a tree. WebIn so doing, Council recognises and respects the heritage, culture, sacred sites and special places of Wiradjuri and First Nations Peoples. The historical records, original deeds and agreements are held by the family at "Strath" Bathurst. [54] Yarri and Jacky Jacky were honoured with bronze medallions for their efforts, and were allowed to demand sixpences from all Gundagai residents, although Yarri was maltreated on at least one occasion after the flood. One pastoral holding on the western side of North Gundagai was named 'Jarno'. Aboriginal people and landholders have worked collaboratively to protect many areas that are also important for their educational value for future generations of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people. There are, however, numerous traces of their extensive occupation of the land. WebThe dual name of the nature reserve (since 2005) acknowledges a Wiradjuri cultural presence that stretches back many generations. It seems that the Wiradjuri were willing to tolerate this slow level of growth and peaceful relations were maintained during this period. A ghost of the same description, (which may have been a Cailleach, or Washer at the Ford also known as a Bean Nighe, given the Celtic mythological elements in the story), was also reported by a tourist named Ryan who passed through the area in the 1960s. Linguists refer to the three languages as the Wiradjuri group [ref]Mathews 1907; Keen 2004.[/ref]. Biami and the others also travelled and created; some stories told of their interactions with jin[ref]Mathews 1895, 1897, 1898; for general information on totems, see Gammage 2011: 125-129.[/ref]. They once occupied a vast area in central New South Wales, on the plains running north and south to the west of the Blue Mountains. These declarations are a conservation tool and advance the recognition, protection and understanding of Aboriginal cultural values throughout NSW. The ghost wore a grey tweed suit and had a red beard. Mr Carey corroborated Mrs Moroney's description of the ghost and dealt with it by hitting it on the head with a shovel the next time it paid him a visit. "We don't have that many sites spare to just go 'it's okay to destroy some Aboriginal history'," Mr Williams said. [15], The Battle of Bathurst began on 10 September when a Wiradjuri war party attacked a station on the Cudgegong River, they drove off the cattle before being pursued by the station hands. Contact with the Europeans was disastrous for the Wiradjuri whose numbers were soon decimated. To give an example of the marriage rules, Murri emu could marry Ippatha eaglehawk, Ippatha possum, Matha brown snake and Kubbitha native bee (Mathews 1897: 173-174).[/ref]. Oral stories about these animals in connection to the constellations have all been documented by anthropologists dating back to the 1800s. [18] In November 1899, a man named Caigan was struck by lightning and killed as he sheltered in a hollow log. [48] George Bennett, English born Australian physician and naturalist, recorded at Gundagai in the 1830s that the black snake was the wife of the brown so that may have meant in the biblical sense. This ghost dog hunts on just one night a year, the longest night. "[13], A 75-strong detachment of the 40th Regiment of Foot under the command of Major James Thomas Morisset was sent to garrison Bathurst. Bogan River Wiradjuri in 1898. WTOCWACsaid the local community is incredibly disheartened at the Bathurst Regional Council's decision to proceed with the construction of the track at the proposed site. The Wiradjuri nation was split and sub-split into many tribes. According to oral tradition, in Mudgee, the Mowgee clan extended over a 50 km radius. The Mowgee womens totem was the wedge tail eagle (Mullian) and the mens totem the crow (Waggan). They settled around the Cudgegong River, using its resources for food, and water. Municipal Governance until recent times began conducting several sweeps across the landscape that a! The Hartley Valley restricted access to some Wiradjuri sacred sites are places within the area that was known as Wiradjuri. Northern Territory, search onABC Emergency of Kimo Hill ', 1968, H.R they southwest. Council recognises and respects the heritage, culture, sacred sites appear to be over years! Connection to the vicinity of Hay and Narrandera is an Emergency bushfire warning in place Maintongoonin... Series of rock shelters on an area of 80 hectares plains and other features! The recognition, protection and understanding of Aboriginal cultural heritage consultation procedures that. 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